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Regulation	Description	General Requirements	Applicability to R&D
Summary of State Air Regulations Impacting Research and Development Activities (Selected State and local agency information; does not include applicability information for all State and local agencies.)
Air Permit Regulations	Requirement to permit new and existing air pollution sources	Permits containing all applicable emission limits and standards for each activity at a facility. Control requirements. Monitoring, recordkeeping, reporting, and other compliance provisions.	Many State and local agencies exempt bench scale laboratory operations from construction and operation permit requirements. Some also define exemptions for R&D operations. [e.g., Bay Area (CA), CO, Jefferson Co. (KY), MI, NY, Ohio, San Diego (CA), Others define de minimis levels that are not subject to regulation, which apply to R&D. (AL, GA, NJ, OH) Others provide no exemption for R&D. (FL, IN, SC, WI)
Air Emissions Information and Statements	Regulations requiring reporting of air emissions	Statements concerning amount and type of emissions, frequently delineated by emission point	Generally follow permitting rules regarding exemptions and de minimis levels.
Emission Fees	Regulations requiring payment of fees for air pollutant emissions	Fees for air pollutant emissions, generally sourcewide by amount and type	Generally follow permitting rules regarding exemptions and de minimis levels. (CO)
Source Specific Air Regulations	Regulations governing various industries, processes, or types of equipment (e.g., chemical manufacturing, surface coating, storage tanks)	Emission limits or standards, work practice standards, equipment and design standards to reduce emissions. These are in addition to Federal requirements.	Generally apply where R&D fits rule's applicability criteria. Some State and local agencies exempt specific types of R&D operations. (NY) Some define de minimis levels that are not subject to regulation, which could apply to R&D.
Toxic Air Pollutant Regulations	Regulations limiting emissions of air contaminants	Ambient concentration at fenceline, emission limit, control technology requirement, or other standards to reduce facility emissions of toxic air pollutants.	Approximately one-third of the State and local agencies do not have toxic air pollutant regulations or policy in addition to the Federal program. In States and local areas that have programs, the pollutants regulated and baseline levels vary greatly. Some State and local agencies exempt specific types of R&D operations. Some define de minimis levels that are not subject to regulation, which could apply to R&D.
Control Technology Requirements	Regulations requiring installation of control equipment [e.g., Reasonably Available Control Technology (RACT)]	Emission limits or standards, work practice standards, equipment and design standards to reduce emissions. These are in addition to Federal requirements. Regulations governing various industries, processes, or types of equipment (e.g., chemical manufacturing, surface coating, storage tanks)	Requirements differ according to air quality status. Some State and local agencies exempt specific types of R&D operations. (NY) Some define de minimis levels that are not subject to regulation, which could apply to R&D.
Air Emission Standards	Emission limits on sulfur dioxide, volatile organic compounds, carbon monoxide, lead, particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide, and other pollutants.	Emission limits or standards, work practice standards, equipment and design standards to reduce emissions. These are in addition to Federal requirements. Regulations governing various industries, processes, or types of equipment. (e.g., chemical manufacturing, surface coating, storage tanks)	Generally apply where R&D fits rule's applicability criteria. Some State and local agencies exempt specific types of R&D operations. (Bay Area, California; CO) Some define de minimis levels that are not subject to regulation, which could apply to R&D. (Bay Area, California; NJ)
Odor Regulations	General requirement to control odorous emissions	Usually apply to facilities.	Included in most State and local air regulations. Usually apply to all types of facilities.

Summary of State Air Regulations Impacting Research and Development Activities

Summary of State Air Regulations
Impacting Research and Development Activities